The diminished therapeutic efficacy in MetS patients was most pronounced in weight dynamics (−1.70 kg vs. −0.66 kg loss) and iron metabolism, evidenced by MetS-specific transferrin depletion (Δ = −0.26 vs. −0.05 g/L), likely mediated through chronic inflammation-driven hepcidin overexpression that restricts iron mobilization (26). Here, HAMP is linked to metabolic syndrome.