Ganoderma atrum-derived water-soluble PSG-1 restores intestinal physical and immune barriers in murine colitis (Zheng et al., 2020), whereas Ganoderma lucidum peptide-polysaccharide GL-PPSQ2 counters intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury by preserving mucosal integrity, enhancing tight junctions, reducing inflammation, and suppressing MPO/citH3 expression linked to NET-associated pathology (Lin et al., 2023). This evidence concerns the gene MPO and colitis.