DNMT1 and hearing loss disorder: Future research should investigate the following recommendations: implement longitudinal designs with repeated measures to establish temporal relationships between methylation changes and hearing loss; use genetic and pharmacological interventions (e.g., SOD2 knockout, DNMT modulators) in experimental animal models to clarify mechanistic pathways; improve control of confounders through detailed covariate collection and adjusted analyses; and evaluate the clinical utility of combined biomarkers (e.g., D-loop methylation, SOD, MDA) for risk prediction and early intervention.