NFKB1 and serum lipopolysaccharide activity: Given its involvement in the regulation of cytokines, chemokines, and free radicals, NF-κB plays a crucial role in mediating immune and inflammatory responses to endotoxemia.27, 28, 29 The results of this study suggest that HMH may exhibit potential therapeutic benefits against endotoxemia by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway.