IGF1 and heart disorder: IGF-1 exerts beneficial effects on cardiovascular health through mechanisms such as enhancing endothelial function, attenuating vascular inflammation, and promoting angiogenesis, thereby contributing to the prevention of atherosclerotic progression, restenosis following angioplasty, and ischaemic heart disease (Delafontaine, 1995; Higashi et al., 2010; Colao, 2008).