PLEC and pachyonychia congenita: However, plectin is upregulated in PC cells, and its abnormal upregulation results in its localization to secreted exosomes, which may promote PC growth.[31] Knocking down plectin using short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) reduces exosomal plectin secretion, consequently inhibiting PC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion.[31] Further studies are needed to clarify their exact roles in disease progression and validate their potential for clinical use.