In longitudinal cohort of the Look AHEAD–Continuation study, which included overweight or obese elderly with T2D, increasing plasma levels of neurofilament light chain (NfL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were found to be associated with impaired cognitive function, but Aβ42/40 or pTau-181 were not associated with cognitive decline (24). This evidence concerns the gene GFAP and type 2 diabetes mellitus.