PADI4 and acute kidney injury: Similarly, another specific PAD4 inhibitor YW3-56 (61) and the pan-PAD inhibitor Cl-amidine (84, 152) were proven effective in improving renal injury and enhancing survival rates in murine models of I/R-AKI and rabbit models of lipopolysaccharide-induced septic shock respectively, yet these PAD-inhibiting drugs have not undergone clinical trials, and the degree of NET inhibition or the preservation of essential NETs by such inhibitors might be critical determinants of clinical efficacy.