Within AKI, Toll-like receptor-4(TLR4) has been identified as key receptor for NET induction stimulated by extracellular histones (84), Y-box binding protein 1(YB-1) (11),high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) (10, 85, 86), and other activating proteins. The gene discussed is HMGB1; the disease is acute kidney injury.