In a mouse model of IRI-AKI with pre-operative oral Candida albicans administration, TLR4 activation by LPS/DAMPs and Dectin-1 stimulation by the fungal (1→3)-β-glucan converged on the common Syk/NF-κB/PAD4 signaling axis to synergistically induce NET formation, thereby inhibiting C. albicans dissemination (89). Here, TLR4 is linked to acute kidney injury.