TNF and juvenile idiopathic arthritis: Anti-TNF-α agents (e.g., infliximab) achieve corticosteroid sparing control in refractory uveitis (adult and pediatric cohorts), while anti-IL-6R (tocilizumab) is effective for uveitic cystoid macular edema and in juvenile idiopathic arthritis associated uveitis refractory to anti-TNF therapy.