The expression levels of most of the evaluated growth factors (Egf, Tgfb1, Fgf1, and Csf1) and cytokines (Il6, Il1a, Ccl3, Ccl4, Il1b, and Nos2) were downregulated in microglia of the Rack1 cKO/AD group, whereas that of the growth factor IGF1 was significantly upregulated (Figures6A; S9A, Supporting Information). Here, CSF1 is linked to Alzheimer disease.