Atrophy patterns based on ante-mortem MRI scans of histopathologically confirmed ‘pure’ AD (n = 36) and AD+, i.e., AD pathology with concomitant limbic TDP-43 pathology and argyrophilic grain disease (n = 39), were applied to classify an independent cohort of clinically diagnosed patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI, n = 224) and dementia (n = 221). Here, TARDBP is linked to Cognitive impairment.