MTOR and diabetic kidney disease: Astragaloside IV inhibits oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation; regulates calcium homeostasis; and improves vascular function to exhibited excellence protective effects on DKD, which is associated with multiple signaling pathways, such as the AMPK signaling pathway, NF-κB signaling pathway, and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway [32, 33].