A meta-analysis showed that various disease BBB models (including BBB cell models treated with amyloid precursor proteins, α-synuclein fibrils, lipopolysaccharide or cytokines, or cultured with glioblastoma cells, or primary BECs from Parkinson disease rat brains) overall exhibited approximately 2-fold higher permeability than corresponding healthy models [61]. The gene discussed is APP; the disease is glioblastoma.