A comparative analysis of expression of these genes in tumour and healthy tissues ROIs revealed increased expression of MTSS2 and PSMB5, and decreased expression of CD163, SAMSN1, ITGAX and TNFAIP2 genes in most of the tumour ROIs, suggesting an upregulation of ICI-resistance-driving transcriptional programmes in the tumour and microenvironment (Fig. 3d, f). This evidence concerns the gene SAMSN1 and neoplasm.