Compared with the normal control (NC), the upregulated ENO1 had no significant effect on cell proliferation (Supplementary Fig. 1e) but promoted sphere formation (Fig. 1c), migration (Fig. 1d), invasion ability (Supplementary Fig. 1f), and stemness factor expression (Fig. 1e; Supplementary Fig. 1g), whereas the opposite trend in sphere formation, migration/invasion ability, and stemness factor expression was observed in ENO1-knockdown (shENO1) GC cells. The gene discussed is ENO1; the disease is gastric cancer.