This observation is consistent with previous studies demonstrating that lactate can regulate the function of multiple proteins (e.g., MRE11 and NBS1) through lactylation, affecting protein activity and stability, influencing DNA repair and metabolic reprogramming, and ultimately contributing to the maintenance of tumor cell stemness.49,50 Furthermore, we conducted additional experiments in which 2-DG and oligoA were used to inhibit glycolysis-derived ATP and mitochondria-derived ATP, respectively. The gene discussed is MRE11; the disease is neoplasm.