Other genes, such as WT1, have been implicated in renal and genital malformations, while PAX2 affects renal structuring, and PBX1 is associated with congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract syndrome, which can occur with or without hearing loss (Drusany Starič et al., 2023; Ozkan et al., 2023). This evidence concerns the gene PAX2 and hearing loss disorder.