In Japan, avelumab was the first programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) inhibitor to be approved as monotherapy for curatively unresectable metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma (September 2017), and it has also been approved in combination with axitinib for curatively unresectable renal cell carcinoma (December 2019) [28]. Here, CD274 is linked to hereditary clear cell renal cell carcinoma.