Similarly, in bladder cancer (BCa), CAFs release EVs that promote PD‐L1 expression in tumor cells while inhibiting the proliferation of CD8+ T cells and reducing the secretion of IFN‐γ, IL‐2, and TNF‐α by CD8+ T cells, ultimately leading to immunotherapy resistance [169]. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is urinary bladder carcinoma.