Levels of TNF-α (p<0.0001), MMP-2 (p<0.0001), IL-1β (p=0.0002), IL-22 (p=0.0004) and LIGHT/TNFSF14 (p=0.0007) were all significantly higher in sputum from TB compared to ORD patients when all 4 countries were combined (not shown). This evidence concerns the gene TNFSF14 and tuberculosis.