Results demonstrated that serum CXCL13 levels exhibited statistically consistent and significant correlations with key clinical parameters of LN, including complement C3, serum Alb and Hb: (1) serum CXCL13 was negatively correlated with the level of complement C3, suggesting that its elevated levels may exacerbate complement depletion and aggravate disease severity (Figure 4B). Here, C3 is linked to lobular neoplasia.