Additionally, the proportion of total CD4+ T cells in lung tissue was approximately 2.5-fold higher in COPD and IPF patients compared to donors (Table 2, Figure 2B); those differences demonstrate that overall, lung tissue of patients with COPD and IPF had approximately 7.2-fold higher fraction of Th1 lymphocytes than donors and thus highly induced type 1 immunity. The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.