NFKB1 and infection: (2020) highlighted the critical role of IL‐10 in preserving the immune balance required for granulomas to manage bacterial load and disease progression in M.tb infection.[182] Further studies have shown that IL‐10 significantly impacts the host's ability to control bacterial load, particularly after 3 months of infection.[183] Additionally, gene therapy could alter the activation of molecular pathways such as NF‐κB or MAPK signaling, which regulate immune cell function in granulomas.