demonstrated that PD‐1 inhibitor‐based combination therapy (either with anti‐angiogenesis therapy or chemotherapy) significantly improved outcomes compared to PD‐1 inhibitor monotherapy in patients with recurrent or metastatic advanced ESCC who progressed after first‐line chemotherapy (mPFS: 8.5 months vs. 3.2 months, p < 0.001; mOS: 18.9 months vs. 9.8 months, p = 0.010) [26]. The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.