PDCD1 and neoplasm: These combinations include PD‐1 inhibitor combined with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, anti‐angiogenesis therapy, small‐molecule tumor‐targeted therapy, third‐generation immune checkpoint inhibitors (e.g., LAG3, TIGIT, and TIM3), as well as other approaches (such as oncolytic viruses, strategies to stimulate innate immune cells, cytokine‐based therapy, adoptive cell therapy, and T cell engagers) [32, 33].