DES and Duchenne muscular dystrophy: To determine whether the observed increase in insoluble desmin is directly associated with the pathological condition, we compared findings from mdx mice with two additional animal models of DMD: the D2.mdx mouse (DBA/2J strain), which exhibits a similar cardiac phenotype to that of mdx mice [45, 46], and the GRMD (Golden Retriever Muscular Dystrophy) canine model, which presents a DMD‐like phenotype [47, 48].