TGFB1 and keloid: By Gene Ontology enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis, it was found that genes related to fibrogenesis, including cell–substrate junction, focal adhesion, collagen-containing ECM, positive regulation of Smad protein signal transduction, and the TGF-β signaling pathway, were upregulated in keloids (Fig. 1, B and C).