To further confirm that CD73 intrinsically functions as a tumor suppressor in CRC cells (Fig. 6), we challenged HT29 cells that have stable expression or depletion of CD73 with multiple cell death inducers such as Gefitinib (GEF, Fig. 6, A and D), Doxorubicin (DOX, Fig. 6, B and E) and TNF-alpha (Fig. 6, C and F), which have different induced cell death mechanisms. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is colorectal carcinoma.