CCL2 and cancer: This interaction activates three distinct signaling pathways: JAK/STAT, MAPK, and PI3K/Akt.[24, 25, 51] The CCL2–CCR2 signaling pathway is implicated in various disorders, including atherosclerosis, multiple sclerosis, asthma, neuropathic pain, diabetic nephropathy, and cancer.[52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58] Our study identifies a novel role for CCL2 in mediating communication between cancer cells and surrounding adipose tissue.