F2 and respiratory failure: Previously published risk factors of increased hospital stays and poor outcome in adults include delay from the bite to adequate antivenom therapy, acute renal failure and abnormal blood results such as thrombocytopenia, coagulation test derangements (prothrombin time > 13.2 s, partial thromboplastin time > 37.2 s, low fibrinogen levels), elevated creatinine kinase (CK), along with organ failure (respiratory failure, shock, neurotoxicity, ischemic stroke) associated with specific snake species [43–45].