Online bioinformatics analysis revealed significant down regulation of 26 genes (Figure 6D; P < 0.05) associated with extracellular matrix (ECM) (Figure 6E), transcription factors (Gli1, Twist1) and growth factors (Igf1, Pdgfa) (Figure 6F), ECM protease function (Figure 6G) and bone ossification (Figure 6H) in LPD sperm. Here, TWIST1 is linked to disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis.