Triple IFNγ/IL-2/TNF+ cells were the most frequently detected in both TB groups (TBD 37% and TBI 41% of SFUs), contrasting with responses to a mixed peptide pool specific to several viral infections, including EBV, CMV, adenovirus, and influenza and the bacterial tetanus vaccine, in which IFNγ/TNF+ cells were the most common. Here, TNF is linked to viral infectious disease.