CD274 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Clinical studies have demonstrated that favorable ICI treatment responses in NSCLC are related to the level of PD‐L1 expression and TMB.[1, 2, 56] Therefore, PD‐L1 expression and TMB have been widely used to predict the treatment response of ICI therapy in clinical practice.[6] However, it was reported that a subset of NSCLC patients with low or negative PD‐L1 expression can exhibit durable responses to ICI treatment.[13] Thus, there is a pressing need to identify novel and more specific biomarkers to predict which patients could gain a survival benefit through ICI treatment.