MAPK4 and neoplasm: In a study, it was shown that the transcriptome data from CagA+ (cytotoxin-associated gene A protein) gastric carcinomas showed that MIF released in the TME (tumor microenvironment) causes TAM (tumor associated macrophages) polarization, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and inhibition of MAPK4 pathways—all of which are associated with poor prognosis (144).