DUSP1 and breast cancer: When breast cells are exposed to radiation, DUSP1 translocates into mitochondria and prevents apoptosis by the reduction of phosphorylated active forms of JNK kinase, which can cause radioresistance in HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells,141 and combined inhibition of MKP1 and HER2 enhanced cell killing in breast cancer by enhancing radiation sensitivity.141