A composite of sleep health score (using satisfaction, alertness, timing, and efficiency) in a cross-sectional study of 75 young adults showed that better sleep health was significantly associated with higher achievement of glycemic targets (time in range and J index); however, these associations did not persist after considering covariates (T1DM duration, race, the mode of insulin delivery, and sleep apnea risk) (23). This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus.