Recently, single-cell transcriptomic analyses of intrahepatic and peripheral lymphocytes from chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients and functionally cured individuals revealed a shift toward the generation of CD4+ cytotoxic T cells (CD4-CTLs) in FC patients, indicating that the role of CD4+ T cells in the HBV clearance process should not be overlooked [107]. This evidence concerns the gene CD4 and chronic hepatitis B virus infection.