IFN-γ is the most potent and best-characterized inducer of PD-L1, and its IL-12-driven release markedly up-regulates PD-L1 expression on tumor cells, macrophages and dendritic cells, thereby potentiating the efficacy of subsequent PD-1/PD-L1 blockade [45,46] (PMID: 32817076; PMID: 29034543). The gene discussed is IFNG; the disease is neoplasm.