The major mechanisms of insulin resistance in CKD are thought to involve pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ), which inhibit phosphorylation of the insulin receptor and insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) [45]. The gene discussed is IL6; the disease is Insulin resistance.