Engagement of pattern recognition receptors such as TLR2 (for LTA) and TLR4 (for LPS) may play a central role, consistent with studies in cardiomyocytes, intestinal epithelial cells, and breast cancer lines showing that TLR activation modulates DOX uptake and toxicity [28,29,30,31,32]. Here, TLR4 is linked to breast carcinoma.