In particular, the immunomodulatory effects of LPS and LTA through TLR2/TLR4 signaling may further potentiate anti-tumor responses when combined with doxorubicin, but their established toxicities highlight the need to explore safer TLR agonists (e.g., Pam3CSK4, MPLA) or delivery systems as alternatives. Here, TLR4 is linked to neoplasm.