Major antihyperglycemic drug classes include insulin and, more broadly for diabetes care, metformin, sulfonylureas, thiazolidinediones, α-glucosidase inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, DPP-4 inhibitors, and SGLT2 inhibitors; however, most non-insulin agents were developed for T2DM and have limited or risk-laden use in T1DM (e.g., ketosis risk with SGLT2 inhibitors). This evidence concerns the gene INS and diabetes mellitus.