The scores generated by LP-IR are positively correlated with insulin resistance as measured by HOMA-IR across different racial groups in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) and verified independently by glucose disposal rates measured by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps in insulin-sensitive, insulin-resistant, and untreated patients with T2D [20]. Here, INS is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.