The aim of this article is to present the current state of knowledge regarding the involvement of innate immunity in the pathogenesis and treatment of selected autoimmune neurological diseases: multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), MOG antibody-associated disease (MOGAD), myasthenia gravis (MG), and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). The gene discussed is MOG; the disease is neuromyelitis optica.