Neutrophils also secrete cytokines and chemokines, such as IL-1β, TNF-α, CXCL8 (IL-8), and GM-CSF, which further enhance the inflammatory response leading to chronic inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness and, in a longer perspective, airway remodeling (Figure 2) [89,108,109,110,111]. The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is airway hyperresponsiveness.