SLC5A2 and diabetes mellitus: While between-study heterogeneity was substantial (I2 = 78.7%) suggesting variation in study design (RCT vs. observational), sample size, differences in population characteristics (age, comorbidities, and diabetes), variability in follow-up duration (ranging from 6 months to 3 years), and disparities in baseline event rates, the overall direction of effect consistently favored SGLT2 inhibitors.