Patients with advanced PC do not benefit from the telomerase peptide vaccine GV1001, the Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF)-transfected pancreatic tumor vaccine (GVAX), or an allogeneic whole-cell vaccine derived from a PDAC cell line genetically engineered to express GM-CSF [212]. Here, CSF2 is linked to pancreatic neoplasm.