For chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) organoid models revealed enhanced cytotoxicity of CD39+ CAR-T cells targeting hepatitis B virus (HBV) antigens, which was further potentiated by PD-1/Tim-3/Lag-3 knockdown [86]. Here, ENTPD1 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.