Nobiletin decreased glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), Homeostatic Model of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), and pro-inflammatory cytokines expression, increased insulin, testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) expression, improved hyperglycemia, reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines, and augmented insulin, testosterone, LH, FSH and CYP17A1, reduced lipid peroxidation and improved the activity of the antioxidant enzymes and AR in testicular tissues of the diabetic group. This evidence concerns the gene INS and Insulin resistance.