Figure 3a shows that Nrf2 expression was significantly reduced in the PSNT + Saline group compared to the Sham + Saline group, indicating impaired antioxidant activity due to nerve injury. Treatment with either morphine or Daflon moderately restored Nrf2 levels, while their combination produced the most substantial increase, nearing levels seen in uninjured rats. Similarly, Figure 3b shows that HO-1 expression followed the same trend, with the combination therapy of morphine + Daflon achieving the most significant restoration, almost reaching baseline levels. Here, HMOX1 is linked to injury.