In order to gain a deeper understanding of the spatial distribution of the 6 co-core-DEGs (CASP3, FOS, BCL2, NOS2, ABCB1 and XDH) in the kidneys of DKD, and to clarify the potential precise action sites of AS intervention, we conducted an analysis using the kidney single-cell RNA sequencing database KIT (Figure 5A). Here, NOS2 is linked to diabetic kidney disease.