Collectively, astragalus-mediated modulation of key autophagy pathways—including the PI3K/AKT/mTOR, TLR4/NF-κB, ROS-mTOR, PI3K/AKT/AS160, AMPK/mTOR, PINK1-Parkin, DCP1A/WDFY3/Atg12, and TMSB4X/Akt/Atg5/Atg12 pathways—can inhibit the therapeutic efficacy against multiple pathologies, such as PD, diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, renal disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and cervical carcinoma. This evidence concerns the gene MTOR and diabetes mellitus.