In this study, we assessed the impact of PTSD chronicity on patients’ clinical presentation and biochemical biomarker levels (SUMO1, MDA, CX3CL1, and UCHL1), aiming to distinguish between relatively recent PTSD (symptom duration ≤ 5 years) and chronic PTSD (>5 years). Here, UCHL1 is linked to post-traumatic stress disorder.